Business Research Report Proposal Expenditure of Business

Question: Discuss about the Business Research Report Proposal for Expenditure of Business. Answer: Introduction The expenditure of the students depends on the income of the family. Also, there are so many factors responsible for the variation among the expenditure. These factors include the income of the family, socio-economic status of the family, etc. Also, there is a variation in the overall pattern of expenditure in the male and female students. The causes for expenditure consist of food expenses, breakfast and beverages; travelling, cell phone expenses, books and computer expenses, educational fees and donations, smoking, etc. there are so many possible reasons for the variation among the expenditures while taking an education. The previous studies found the positive correlation with the expenditure and the income of the family. Let us see this research study in detail explained in the next topic. Research Questions and Hypotheses Research Questions It is very important to establish the research questions for any type of research project or research study for getting the proper way to the research process (Dobson, 2001). For this research study related to the expenditure pattern of students with regarding gender and socio-economic variation, the research questions are summarised as below: Is there any significant difference in the average expenditure in the male students and female students? Is there any significant difference in the average expenditure in the students with different socio-economic classes? Is there any significant relationship exists between the income of the family of student and expenditure by student? Operational definition and Measurements The income of the family would be measured in the Australian $ for a single month. The expenditure of the student would be measured in the Australian $ for a single month. We would use ratio scale of measurement for these two variables income of the family of student and expenditure by student. For the variable gender of the student we would use the nominal scale of measurement and we would use the code 0 for males and 1 for females. This is a categorical variable. For the variable socio-economic class we would use the ordinal scale of measurement and we would order the socio-economic classes as the lower class, middle class and upper class. The list of the variables included in this research study is summarised as below: No. Name of variable Level of measurement 1 Income of the family of student (Au $) Ratio scale of measurement 2 Expenditure by student (Au $) Ratio scale of measurement 3 Gender of student Nominal scale of measurement 4 Socio-economic class Ordinal scale of measurement Research Methodology: Data Collection and Analysis Sampling techniques For the study of expenditure pattern of students with regarding gender and socio-economic variation, we would use the random sampling method for the selection of the students. We would select the students from the single educational institute. This study would be limited for a particular location and educational institute for avoiding the cost of this research project. We would use the adequate sample size for this research study (Cox and Hinkley, 2000). The small sample size results in the biased estimates so it is important to avoid the small sample size for research study (Liese and Miescke, 2008). We would use the questionnaires for this research study. We would use the well prepared questionnaire for collection of data from the respondents or students. We would keep proper order of questions in the questionnaire for getting the proper responses from students. We would develop the questions in easy manner so that each student would easily understand the question and provide the c orrect responses. We would avoid all biases due to the data collection process such as sampling errors and instrumental errors. We would use the sample size for this research project as more than 60 students. After collection of these responses, we would organise this data in the proper tables with all variables. Method of analysis After collection of the responses or data from the respondents or students, we would use the proper tools and techniques for the statistical data analysis for collected responses from students. For the analysis purpose, we would use the descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. By using the descriptive statistics, we would find out the mean, mode, median, standard deviation, etc. for the variables income of the family and expenditure of the student for a single month. We would use the graphical analysis for the given data. The graphical analysis would be easy to understand the concept of the research study (Casella and Berger, 2002). The graphical analysis would include the bar graphs, histograms and box plots for comparison purposes among the expenditures by students with different socio-economic conditions and different gender. The descriptive statistics is help us for understanding the nature of the data and variables included in the research study (Bickel and Doksum, 200 0). Research Process For the study of expenditure pattern of students with regarding gender and socio-economic variation, we would develop the research questions or hypotheses for this study. After establishing the hypotheses, we would collect the data for all variables included in the study. We would collect the data by using the simple random sampling. We would use the well prepared questionnaires for collection of data or responses from the respondents or students. The small sample size is reasonable for getting biased results for the research study (Evans, 2004). It is important to avoid the biases due to the sampling errors and measurement errors or instrumental errors (Babbie, 2009). We would use the proper tools and techniques for statistical analysis after collection of data. We would use the correlation coefficient for finding out the extent of relationship exists between the family income and student expenditure. We would use the two sample t test for the population mean for checking the hypoth esis whether there is any significant difference in the average expenditure by male and female students. We would use the one way analysis of variance for finding out the significant difference between the average expenditure by students with different socio-economic classes. We would summarise the results for this study after this statistical analysis. Expected Research Outcomes The conclusions for any research study should be drawn carefully from the statistical analysis (Degroot and Schervish, 2002). For this research study we would expect that there would be a positive relationship between the family income and expenditure of student. We also expect that there would be significant difference in the average expenditure by male and female students. We would expect the variation in the average expenditure by students with different socio-economic classes. References Babbie, E, R, 2009, The Practice of Social Research, Wadsworth. Bickel, P, J, and Doksum, K, A, 2000, Mathematical Statistics: Basic Ideas and Selected Topics, Vol I, Prentice Hall. Casella, G, and Berger, R, L, 2002, Statistical Inference, Duxbury Press. Cox, D, R, and Hinkley, D, V, 2000, Theoretical Statistics, Chapman and Hall Ltd. Degroot, M, and Schervish, M, 2002, Probability and Statistics, Addison - Wesley. Dobson, A, J, 2001, An introduction to generalized linear models, Chapman and Hall Ltd. Evans, M, 2004, Probability and Statistics: The Science of Uncertainty, Freeman and Company. Liese, F, and Miescke, K, 2008, Statistical Decision Theory: Estimation, Testing, and Selection, Springer.